As a respond to a refined risk assessment of bpa and its unwanted health effects, the european food safety authority efsa decreased the tolerable daily. Bpa is considered an endocrine disruptor and several studies have proposed a relationship between exposure to bpa and the appearance of adverse health effects, such as cancer, infertility, diabetes, and obesity, among others. No occupational exposure limits have been established for. Median and 95th percentile concentrations in urine, 20032012. A variety of other toxic effects have also been noted. Cancer hazard f while bisphenol a has been tested, further testing is required to assess its potential to cause cancer.
Bisphenol a health effects should you be worried about. Bisphenol a bpa is a synthesized chemical used widely in many products. However, these analogs may exert similar adverse effects on the reproductive system, and their toxicological data are. Epidemiological reports on the relationship between bpa and its health. Sep 01, 2019 meanwhile, the effects of endocrine inhibition induced by bpa followed a nonlinear way, showing that lower dose of bpa sometimes could cause biological effects instead of higher doses jenkins et al. It is a colorless solid that is soluble in organic solvents, but poorly soluble in water 0.
Recent attention to the developmental effects of bpa is based on several laboratory studies. Pdf bisphenol a bpa is a high production endocrine disrupting chemical found in numerous consumer products. Reference dose for chronic oral exposure rfd substance name bisphenol a. Bisphenol a bpa in plastics and possible human health effects congressional research service 3 in children. Chronic health hazard assessments for noncarcinogenic effects. Scientists, regulators, and the general public have raised concerns about the use of bpa. Who toxicological and health aspects of bisphenol a. Bisphenol a controversy centers on concerns and debates about the biomedical significance of bisphenol a bpa, which is a precursor to polymers that are used in some consumer products, including some food containers.
There are hundreds of published scientific studies about the adverse effects of bpa on human health changes in neuronal development. Bisphenol a is an endocrine disruptor that can mimic estrogen and has been shown to cause negative health effects in animal studies. Although bpa exposure of humans is lower than tdi, its potential health effects are not well understood. The national health and nutrition examination survey nhanes provides nationally representative biomonitoring data for bpa. Bisphenol a bpa is a high volume industrial chemical used in the production of epoxy resins. Developmental toxicity for fetuses, infants, and children effects on the brain, behavior,and prostate gland developmental toxicity for fetuses, infants, and children effects on the mammary gland and early puberty. The potential toxicity of bpa has been examined extensively with. Since the initial claims of lowdose health effects of bpa were first reported in the mid 1990s, many studies have been conducted to test the validity of the lowdose hypothesis. The oral reference dose rfd is based on the assumption that thresholds exist for certain toxic effects such as cellular necrosis.
Aug 14, 2014 world health organization who 2010 toxicological and health aspects of bisphenol a. The adverse health effects of bisphenol a and related. The scenihr adopts the temporary oral tdi ttdi of 4 gkg b. Until recently, there were relatively few epidemiological studies examining the relationship between bpa and health effects in humans. The concerns began with the hypothesis that bpa is an endocrine disruptor, i. Dec 01, 20 there is growing evidence that bisphenol a bpa may adversely affect humans. The key step within assignment of the hazardspecific sk is the determination of a substances hazard potential, or its potential for causing adverse health effects as a result of skin exposure. They can affect hormones such as estrogen and testosterone, which are important for the reproductive. May 25, 2017 bisphenol a, or bpa, is a chemical found in many hard plastics that we use every day. Toxicological profile for bisphenol a california ocean protection. In 2006, efsa established the tolerable daily intake tdi of 0. Known endocrine disruptor bisphenol a bpa has been shown to be a reproductive toxicant in animal models. Update on bisphenol a for use in food contact applications. Bisphenol a exposure has been tied to many adverse health effects in animal models and humans including.
Scientific committee on emerging and newly identified health. Because of its estrogenic behavior, there has been concern of bpas impact on fertility, reproductive health, and pregnancy outcomes. Bpa bisphenol a is a chemical used in certain food contact materials and first approved by fda in the early 1960s. Since bone responds to changes in sex hormones, inflammatory and oxidative status, bpa exposure could influence bone health in humans. In 1997, adverse effects of lowdose bpa exposure in laboratory animals were first proposed. Are bisphenol a bpa plastic products safe for infants and. Hazards and sources medical and health information. Update on bisphenol a for use in food contact applications u. Containers made with these plastics may expose people to small amounts of bpa in food and water.
Studies have shown that detectable levels of bpa are present in human urine samples from all age groups including infants, toddlers, children and adults. Bisphenol a is a nonsteroidal xenoestrogen that exhibits approximately 10 4 the activity of estradiol witorsch, 2002. The possibility of human health effects from exposure to low doses of bpa is controversial, although animal evidence of possible harmful effects has been mounting for about 10 years. Estrogens are a group of steroid compounds which function as the primary female sex hormone. This page describes its use and impacts on health bpa was created in the late nineteenth century by the russian aleksandr dianin, who coined it dianins compound. Therefore, bpa has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of several endocrine disorders including female and male infertility, precocious puberty, hormone dependent tumours such as breast and prostate cancer and several metabolic disorders including polycystic ovary syndrome pcos. Higher doses have been linked to infertility and other health problems. Pdf human health effects of bisphenol a researchgate. Moreover, bpa was evaluated by the european food safety authority efsa in 2006, 2008, 2010, 20, and 2015.
Integration of mechanisms, effects in animals and potential to impact human health at current levels of exposure. It is important that people understand that bisphenol a is an estrogenic chemical that possesses completely different properties from dioxin. Bisphenol a bpa, an industrial chemical used in a variety of con sumer products, is ubiquitous in the modern environment, with residues found in the urine of an estimated 93% of americans over 6 years of age, according to data from the 20032004 national health and. Unpublished study of the dow chemical company dated march 18, 1988. Female reproductive effects, including decreased numbers of litters per breeding pair and changes in hormone ratios, are considered cocritical effects in the derivation of the short term rfd. Estrogenic chemicals estrogenic chemicals have the following in common. The program was initiated by niehs, ntp, and the u. Chronic health effects the following chronic longterm health effects can occur at some time after exposure to bisphenol a and can last for months or years. Research report 4 october 2017 national toxicology program public health service u. Biological activity of bisphenol a bpa structural analogues and functional alternatives. Bisphenol a health effects should you be worried about bpa. Global consumption of bpa in 2011 was predicted to exceed 5. Bisphenol a bpa belongs to chemicals that are produced in large quantities worldwide. Estrous cycle effects were reported at doses 450 times higher than the shortterm rfd and over 11,000 times higher than the subchronicchronic rfds.
Chapel hill bisphenol a expert panel consensus statement. Health effects of bisphenol a 7 results 9 corporate and governmental policies addressing bpa 11 conclusions and recommendations references 15 appendix 1. Pdf a cascade of effects of bisphenol a ingemar pongratz. Bisphenol a the collaborative on health and the environment.
The adverse health effects of bisphenol a and related toxicity. Bisphenol a bpa in plastics and possible human health effects. Bisphenol a bpa in plastics and possible human health effects congressional research service summary bisphenol a bpa is used to produce certain types of plastic that are used in thousands of formulations for myriad products. Phthalates and bpa are manmade chemicals called endocrine disruptors. Bisphenol a, chapter 2 environmental health perspectives. Phthalates and bisphenol a bpa are used for a variety of purposes in plastics and personal care products. Implications for the use of bpa in hemodialyzers and other medical equipment bisphenol a is a very high volume chemical with estrogenic activity that is used in a wide range of prod. Developmental toxicity for fetuses, infants, and children effects on the brain, behavior,and prostate gland developmental toxicity for fetuses, infants, and children effects on. Effects of bisphenol a on human health were associated with dioxin and pcb. Not enough scientific evidence was found for the adverse effects of this compound efsa, 2012.
Included are definitive largescale multigeneration studies as well as studies aimed at. Congressional research service report for congress, the library of congress. Implications for the use of bpa in hemodialyzers and other medical equipment bisphenol a is a very high volume chemical with estrogenic activity that is used in a wide range of products, including medical equipment such as hemodialyzers. Bisphenol a bpa is an organic synthetic compound with the chemical formula ch 3 2 cc 6 h 4 oh 2 belonging to the group of diphenylmethane derivatives and bisphenols, with two hydroxyphenyl groups.
Virginia department of health division of environmental epidemiology 101 north 14th street. Feb 26, 2019 effects of bpa on human health bpa is processed in the liver by the enzyme uridine 5diphosphoglucuronyl transferase. Health effects of bpa september 2011 page 2306 key words bisphenol a, health effects, reprotoxicity, development, fertility, neurotoxicity, endocrine disruptor. Bisphenol a international journal of occupational medicine and. A number of effects of bpa in animals have been extensively investigated and target organs identified in repeatdose animal studies include intestine, liver and kidney. Health hazard and toxicity in humans and laboratory animals.
Phthalates and bisphenol a what are phthalates and bpa. However, the effects of most concern have been those related to the hormonal activity of bpa and potentially related effects on physical, neurological and behavioural development. Toxicological summary for bisphenol a pdf minnesota. Until more is known, it is best to take a precautionary approach by preventing and reducing phthalate and bpa exposures. Regarding possible low dose effects, some concern remains for effects on mammary gland, metabolism and adiposity and neurobehaviour. Neurological effects of bisphenol a and its analogues. Geological survey concern is mounting regarding the human health and environmental effects of bisphenol a bpa, a highproductionvolume chemical used in synthesis of plastics. Joint faowho expert meeting 25 november 2010 and stakeholder meeting on bisphenol a 1 november 2010, ottawa, canada, 2010. The healthy people 2020 environmental health objectives focus on addressing environmental factors that negatively affect individuals health even though the health effects of some toxic substances are. As of 2014, research and debates are ongoing as to whether bpa should be banned or not. Adverse health effects of bisphenol a adverse health effects of bisphenol a bpa. Healthy people 2020 lists bisphenol a bpa as a potential endocrine disruptor for which exposure should be reduced. Bisphenol a bpa is an important industrial chemical that is used primarily to make polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, both of which are used in a wide variety of applications.
While air, dust, and water are other possible sources of exposure, bpa in food and beverages accounts for the majority of daily human exposure. Health risk assessment unit, environmental health division. Food and drug administration fda to provide data that can be used for regulatory. Claritybpa program the consortium linking academic and regulatory insights on bpa toxicity claritybpa program was developed to study the full range of potential health effects from exposure to bpa.
Bisphenol a can leach into food from the protective internal epoxy resin coatings of canned foods and from consumer products such as polycarbonate tableware, food storage containers, water bottles, and baby bottles. The major concern about health effects from exposure to bpa relates to its estrogenlike activity. Bisphenol a bpa in plastics and possible human health. Bpa is an endocrine disruptor that has been shown to be harmful in laboratory animal studies.
Bisphenol a closely mimics the structure and function of the hormone estradiol by binding to and activating the same estrogen receptor as the natural hormone. Bisphenol a bpa, an industrial chemical used in a variety of con sumer products, is ubiquitous in the modern environment, with residues found in the urine of an estimated 93% of americans over 6 years of age, according to data from the 20032004 national health and nutrition examination survey nhanes. Jun 26, 2012 chapel hill bisphenol a expert panel consensus statement. Many laboratory animal and human studies have linked exposures to bpa, a hormone mimicking chemical, to adverse health effects, including. Health hazard and toxicity in humans and laboratory animals reproductive and developmental effects. Modern studies began finding possible connections to health issues caused by exposure to bpa during pregnancy and during development. Toxicological and health aspects of bisphenol a pdf 905.
There is increasing evidence that bisphenol a bpaused in plastics, receipts, food packaging, and other productsmight be harmful to human health due to its actions as an endocrinedisrupting chemical edc bonefeldjorgensen et al. It is commonly used as monomer in polycarbonate synthesis, plasticizer in the production of epoxy resins, as well as an additive for the elimination of surfeit of hydrochloric acid during the polyvinyl chloride. Are bisphenol a bpa plastic products safe for infants. This means the potential for health effects exists but more research is needed to find out if there is any harm. Health effects exposure to large amounts of bpa is acutely toxic to humans and animals, but levels of bpa exposure from plastics are low. Bisphenol a bpa is an industrial chemical that has been present in many. Effects of bisphenol a and its analogs on reproductive.
779 1277 1128 426 1296 608 643 1056 301 1254 1491 341 1193 1067 807 995 1097 136 1499 781 346